Significance in the novel Essay Example For Students

Noteworthiness in the novel Essay Tough situations is a book composed by Charles Dickens and is set in the anecdotal city of Coketown. In the book Dickens gets over his perspectives about Victorian culture through his characterisation of the people in the story. The two scenes I will talk about in this article are, section one and part six when Gradgrind educates Louisa of a proposition to be engaged from Bounderby. I have picked these two scenes to draw from while examining Gradginds nature and his depiction in the novel as they show a movement in his character. In section one, Gradgrind, who isn't yet named, is appeared as a brutal, ugly figure with a, square temple. His rakish face with its, cavern formed eyes, square, mass of a brow and, a manor of firs for hair mirrors the, plain, exposed, tedious schoolroom which remains before him. This demonstrates him to be loaded with realities similarly as the schoolroom seems to be. The accentuation of the difference among certainty and creative mind is depicted in this part through the speaker, Gradgrind, and the storyteller. The storytellers discourse is loaded with creative language and uses a lot of illustrations and likenesses, for instance, while his eyes discovered comfortable cellarage in two dull caverns. This firmly diverges from the speakers matter-of-reality language, Teach these young men and young ladies only Facts. Realities alone are what are needed from life. The word, Fact is stressed by its capital letter, this blasts out at the peruser, establishing this their enduring connection of Gradgrind. Unmistakably in this scene Dickens, through the characterisation of Gradgrind, is mirroring his perspectives on the training framework. He utilizes Gradgrind, depicting him as a cruel, ugly, undermining man, to mirror the training framework in the Victorian time frame. He accentuates the learning of realities and the absence of any creative mind through expressions, for example, The speaker, the schoolmaster and the third developed individual present, all sponsored a bit, and cleared with their eyes the slanted plane of little vessels, without further ado organized all together, prepared to have royal gallons of realities filled them until they were full to the edge. This expression tells the peruser that they will be so loaded with realities that they will be without everything else, the word, vessels additionally de-customizes the youngsters underscoring that they will resemble certainty filled automatons. Part six shows an emotional change in the manner the peruser saw Gradgrind in section one. This part is muddled in the terms of Gradgrinds characterisation. There are three principle differentiates in this section, among Gradgrind and Sleary, that among Bounderby and Sleary and that among Gradgrind and Bounderby. These differences are sharp as they demonstrate Gradgrind to be kinder than Bounderby, which has not been appeared previously, yet in addition show that Gradgrind isn't as kind as Sleary who, by chance is loaded with creative mind (another stand out from Gradgrind to show that being brimming with realities is troublesome). The differentiation among Gradgrind and Sleary is mostly appeared through manner of speaking. Albeit imposing and drink-soaked, Sleary talks fathomably, undeniably more so that Gradgrind or Bounderby. Slearys discourse hindrance, thquire, and carnival dialect add appeal and delicate quality to his talks, while, Gradgrinds matter-of-reality addresses, He is disappeared, and there is no current desire for his arrival, present him in a fairly unfeeling light. Be that as it may, in spite of the fact that this dissimilarity delineates Gradgrind as having an unsympathetic nature, his activities and his diverge from Bounderby gives us an increasingly positive perspective on him. Gradgrind is demonstrated to be not the same as Bounderby now as he wishes to take Sissy in, despite the fact that she isn't brimming with realities and could impact his kids with accounts of her time at the carnival, while Bounderby says to Gradgrind, No. .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca , .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca .postImageUrl , .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca , .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca:hover , .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca:visited , .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca:active { border:0!important; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca:active , .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2 dca .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u0286bed5ea60cb4103d9f39f367f2dca:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Inside Of Raymond'S Run EssayI state no. I prompt you not. I state in no way, shape or form. When Gradgrind will not tune in to his companion and chooses to give Sissy a home any way the peruser is stunned as only a couple of sections already he respected Bounderbys assessment that he says this drearily to Tom and Louisa after he discovers them topping in at the carnival, What might Mr Bounderby state. We likewise observe another distinction between the two companions in the manner that they address Sissy. Bounderby is so ailing in affability that when he converses with Sissy, Let the young lady get truth. Let her take it from me, on the of f chance that you like, who have been fled from myself. Here, whats your name! Your dad has fled abandoned you and you mustnt hope to see him again as long as you live, that Sleary says his representatives may, essence you out o winder! Gradgrind talks in an all the more mindful house, and he doesnt call Sissy, whats your name! Gradgrind does in any case talk in a reality full way yet he is substantially more thoughtful and obliging than Bounderby, I, who came here to tell the dad of the poor young lady, Jupe, that she was unable to be gotten at the school anything else, in outcome of there being down to earth protests, into which I need not enter, to the gathering there of the offspring of people so utilized, am set up in these changed conditions to make a proposition. This long sentence likewise shows that Gradgrind is attempting to quiet the circumstance down for Sissy before he makes his, proposition, this is additionally very mindful. All through this scene the relationship that Gradgrind has with youngsters has changed. The peruser can no longer envision him as considering Sissy a vessel as in part one. In any case, the peruser likewise sees that Gradgrind hasnt made a complete change, a long way from it, and that he despite everything accepts industriously in realities. The two scenes likewise show an adjustment in the manner Gradgrind sees his status. In section one it would be unfathomable that he would invest any energy conversing with, lower, carnival individuals, not to mention be thing about taking in a modest bazaar kid! I imagine that through the contrasts between Gradgrinds character in part one and in section six he is indicating that through better correspondence and understanding the Victorian instruction framework and industry could improve. All in all, I believe that Dickens has utilized the characterisation of Gradgrind shrewdly. Indeed, even his name mirrors his character. The, Grad or evaluation is a result of his assurance that his kids should focus on verifiable issues alone, they are at risk for never completely forming into typical individuals, and the, granulate and its anxiety with the various phases of our lives. His portrayals of Gradgrind all show joins with the Victorian business and instruction framework in this skilful political novel.

Quines pueden ajustar su estatus y sacar green card

Quines pueden ajustar su estatus y sacar green card Elâ ajuste de estatusâ es un trmite migratorio muy ventajoso que permite an una persona que se encuentra ya en Estados Unidos sacar la tarjeta de residencia permanente (green card) sin necesidad de salir del paã ­s. Lamentablemente no todos los migrantes pueden solicitarlo. Por la importancia del ajuste migratorio, tambiã ©n conocido por sus siglas en inglã ©s de AOS, en este artã ­culo se explican cules child sus ventajas, quiã ©nes pueden solicitarlo, cã ³mo se tramita la solicitud y cul es la alternativa para los casos en los que no es posible. Ventajas de sacar la green card por ajuste de estatus El AOS brinda dos grandes beneficios: Evita los costes de viajar fuera de Estados Unidos para completar la tramitaciã ³n de una solicitud de green card.Y, sobre todo, evita que aplique el castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aã ±os. Es importante tener en consideraciã ³n que esta penalidad sã ³lo aplica a las personas que se encuentran fuera de Estados Unidos y desean regresar con una visa de inmigrante o una de no inmigrante. Migrantes que pueden pedir ajuste de estatus por familia o trabajo Pueden hacerlo los migrantes que se encuentran en alguna de las siguientes categorã ­as: Los familiares inmediatos de un ciudadano americano: esposo, mujer, padres, madres e hijos menores solteros de 21 aã ±os si estn legalmente en USA o si, estando ilegalmente, su ingreso fue legitimate y ahora estn ilegales porque se quedaron en el paã ­s ms all del plazo autorizado de estadã ­a. Sin ban, no se puede solicitarâ si han ingresado al paã ­s ilegalmente sin pasar por un control de inmigraciã ³n en una aduana. Esto es muy importante porque impide sacar la green card sin salir de Estados Unidos a cã ³nyuges, hijos solteros menores de 21 aã ±os y padres de ciudadanos americanos que llegaron al paã ­s cruzando ilegalmente la frontera. En este caso feed excepciones limitadas, como el caso de familiares de militares por aplicaciã ³n del programa Parole in Place (PIP). Por otra parte, los hijos casados, los hijos solteros mayores de 21 aã ±os y los hermanos de ciudadanos americanos y los cã ³nyuges e hijos de cualquier edad de residentes permanentes sã ³lo pueden ajustar su estatus en USA si estn legalmente en el paã ­s, y debido a los tiempos de demora sã ³lo en casos excepcionales ser posible. Finalmente, losâ prometidos deâ ciudadanos americanos y los hijos de aquellos que hayan entrado an Estados Unidos con visas K-1 y K-2 respectivamente. Se requiere que el matrimonio se contraiga en los 90 dã ­as siguientes a haber ingresado al paã ­s. Es muy importante tener en cuenta que la boda se tiene que celebrar entre la persona pedida y el que la pide. No se puede cambiar de novio/a. Otro ejemplo de posibilidad de sacar la green card por ajuste de estatus tiene lugar cuando empresas y otras instituciones americanas como por ejemplo ONGs o universidades solicitar tarjetas de residencia para trabajadores y profesionales extranjeros. Si la peticiã ³n es aprobada se proceder a solicitar su ajuste de estatus, siempre y cuando estã ©n en el paã ­s legalmente. En otras palabras, ninguna empresa puede patrocinar una green card por razones de trabajo an un migrante que est en Estados Unidos con estatus de indocumentado, tanto si esa situaciã ³n es porque entrã ³ ilegalmente o porque no saliã ³ a tiempo del paã ­s. Ajuste de estatus con carcter derivado En ciertos casos se permite que cuando se tramita un ajuste de estatus para una persona que se pueda extender la peticiã ³n a su cã ³nyuge e hijos solteros menores de 21 aã ±os.â Asilo polã ­tico, refugiados y ajuste de estatus Las personas a las que se le ha aprobado la condiciã ³n de asiladoâ podrn al cumplir el aã ±o a contar desde esa fecha solicitar por sã ­ mismas el ajuste de estatus. Es necesario que se cumplan los siguientes requisitos: Presencia fã ­sica en Estados Unidos por al menos 365 dã ­as tras la concesiã ³n de la condiciã ³n de asilado.Y que las circunstancias por las que se le concediã ³ la solicitud de asilo no hayan cambiado.Podrn, asimismo, solicitar el ajuste sus cã ³nyuges e hijos solteros menores de 21 aã ±os. Asimismo, podrn solicitar este beneficio migratorio tras residir en Estados Unidos por un aã ±o tras haber ingresado al paã ­s como refugiados. Cubanos y su rã ©gimen migratorio particular Para las personas con pasaporte cubano aplica la ley conocida de Ajuste Cubano. Pero tener en cuenta que ya no est en aplicaciã ³n la polã ­tica deâ pies secos, pies mojados. Con Ajuste Cubano se puede solicitar el ajuste de estatus tras pasar un aã ±o y un dã ­a viviendo en Estados Unidos pero se tiene que haber ingresado legalmente. Los cã ³nyuges y los hijos solteros de cualquier edad de un cubano pero que tengan otra nacionalidad podrn tambiã ©n pedir el ajuste de estatus tras pasar 365 dã ­as en Estados Unidos si ingresaron legalmente. Ajuste de estatus por residencia continuada en Estados Unidos Los extranjeros que hanâ vivido en Estados Unidos de manera continua desde el 1 de enero de 1972 y pueden demostrarlo podrn solicitar un ajuste de estatus. Es lo que se conoce como residencia por el library. Casos humanitarios y ajuste de estatus Tambiã ©n pueden solicitar el ajuste de estatus los migrantes que han recibido una visa U por vã ­ctima de violencia o una visa T por trfico humano si han vivido en los Estados Unidos por al menos por 3 aã ±os desde que recibieron esa visa. En el caso de vã ­ctimas de violencia domã ©stica que se han regularizado mediante el programa VAWA y tienen una peticiã ³n I-360 aprobada, pueden pedir el ajuste de estatus inmediatamente si child cã ³nyuges de ciudadanos. Por el contrario, si child cã ³nyuges de residentes deben esperar que llegue su fecha de prioridad. Esta puede ser la del I-360 o, si su cã ³nyuge les habã ­a pedido previamente, la del I-130. Decisiã ³n legal En casos de deportaciã ³n un juez de inmigraciã ³n puede decidir conceder un ajuste de estatus an un inmigrante extranjero. Esta es una de las formas de alivio con las que se puede luchar frente a la deportaciã ³n. Casos especiales de menores migrantes En ocasiones, una corte History of the U.S puede decidir que un menor extranjero no puede vivir con sus padres por razones de abuso, negligencia o abandono y establece que es en interã ©s del muchacho permanecer en Estados Unidos. Estos casos se conocen como inmigrantes adolescents especiales (SIJ, siglas en inglã ©s) y se permite que estos menores soliciten un ajuste de estatus para sã ­ mismos. Casos especiales de inmigrantes militares Siempre en los tã ©rminos que disponga la ley, los extranjeros que colaboren con los Ejã ©rcitos americanos podrn, en ciertas circunstancias, solicitar un ajuste de estatus. En estos momentos se surrender este beneficio a traductores e intã ©rpretes afganos e iraquã ­es. Beneficios sociales para las personas tramitando un ajuste de estatus En algunos estados las personas en trmites para ajustar su estatus child consideradas PRUCOL y se les reconoce algunos beneficios sociales. Los requisitos varã ­an segã ºn el estado y segã ºn el tipo de beneficio. Cã ³mo se pide el ajuste de estatus La planilla a llenar es la I-485. Roughage que enviarla debidamente cumplimentada, con el pago de la tarifa y documentaciã ³n adicional necesaria. En cuanto al momento, depende del caso. Por ejemplo, si se trata de familiares inmediatos (cã ³nyuges, hijos solteros menores de 21 aã ±os y padres) de ciudadanos americanos se puede enviar junto con la peticiã ³n cuando se llena el I-130. Pero en los casos en los que existe un tope anual por categorã ­a roughage que esperar a lo que se conoce como fecha al corriente. Para eso feed que consultar todos los meses el boletã ­n de visas. Viajar con peticiã ³n pendiente y quã © hacer con retrasos y negaciones Es posible que el USCIS no apruebe la solicitud de ajuste de estatus. En estos casos, chequea si puedes apelar su decisiã ³n. Asimismo, si se retrasa en dar una respuesta ms all de lo que es routine para este tipo de trmite, consultar con un abogado si procede demandar mediante un writ of mandamus. Tambiã ©n es muy importante tener en cuenta que si se inicia un proceso de ajuste de estatus no se debe salir de Estados Unidos sin pedir previamente una autorizaciã ³n conocida como advance parole. El procedimiento consular como opciã ³n al ajuste de estatus Cuandoâ no se pueda ajustar el estatusâ la opciã ³n es salir de Estados Unidos e ir a travã ©s de lo que se conoce procedimiento consular. El gran problema con esto flood cuando se ha estado ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos por ms de 180 dã ­as porque aplica el castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aã ±os, si bien feed casos de excepciones. Es cierto que en algunos casos es posible solicitar un perdã ³n, tambiã ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. Pero las estadã ­sticas muestran que no es fcil obtenerlo. Por esta razã ³n es muy importante conocer cules child las opciones para el caso de cada uno y si feed un riesgo genuine de quedarse fuera de Estados Unidos por muchos aã ±os.

Music to Write Papers To - Choosing Your Music

Music to Write Papers To - Choosing Your MusicThe best music to write papers to can be hard to come by. Some of the songs in which I feel would be a great help when writing papers is music that will really give the emotion that I am going for. If you think about it, there are a lot of sad songs, love songs, and funny songs that are very popular that can be used to the maximum effect.The best music to write papers to is going to be one that fits the mood that you are going for. For example, if you are in the middle of a very sad day, it would not make sense to go out and get some happy music. On the other hand, if you have just won a big game at work or something similar, then you may want to go and have some fun. Hopefully, you will use this as a means to help you get through that day.There are some other things that you will want to remember about music that can help you get through the day. When you choose your songs, you are going to want to choose something that will help to keep you in that state that you are in. So, if you are really sad, then it may be good to choose something to help to soothe you.On the other hand, if you want to have some fun, then you may want to know that you will have a good time. It does not really matter whether you are having fun or sad, just that you are able to take it in stride. The great thing about music to write papers to is that it can really bring the atmosphere that you are trying to create.You may also want to look at some of the different things that people were talking about when they talked about the best music to write papers to. Sometimes, you may find that a certain song is the one that everyone else uses to get through the day. There are many ways to go about getting the music that you want to use for papers.For example, if you know that you are going to be really sad, then you might want to take a look at some of your favorite songs that have a sad tone to them. Maybe something like 'Mary Had a Little Lamb' wou ld be a great choice. You might even use the lyrics from that song to talk about the sadness that you are feeling. This would be a very effective way to express your emotions.Another thing that you might want to do is look for some songs that are more uplifting than sad to help you write papers to help you overcome those feelings. If you are having a good day, then you might want to put on some upbeat music to help you with the situation. No matter what you are feeling, if you are able to look at the smile on someone's face, then you will be able to deal with that too.All in all, you will be able to really use music to write papers to help you deal with the good mood that you are in. There are so many things that you will be able to find out by taking a look at a few of your favorite songs. You will have an idea of what works best for you to have some fun or to express your emotions.

Implementing The Network s Security - 873 Words

In the future organization need to take a proactive approach to the network s security. This strategy of safeguarding the network as well as the patient data, such as scanning and social engineering should be mandatory as opposed to best practices. As the case study shows a major breach had a drastic impact on the healthcare organization and efforts should have been made ahead of time to prevent disaster. Organizations should understand security and risk budgeting and learn how to gain support from the board level for the investment needed to protect data. The industry should push the government to include required annual Health Information Trust Alliance (HITRUST) assessments compared to the current HIPAA [7]. HITRUST is an organization developed by healthcare and IT professionals to help healthcare organizations protect patient information better than HIPAA guidelines. If government mandates shifted towards HITRUST standards the healthcare industry as a whole could benefit across t he boards and it can focus more on the patient care and less on the fear of an impending data breach. As mentioned in the previous sections these software and techniques won t 100\% prevent attacks, but they will definitely help prevent and detect attacks beforehand. section{Future of Cybersecurity} There is a growing realization that cybersecurity requires budgetary commitment, sincere collaboration, and a solid plan. If companies and government can work and contribute money a bright futureShow MoreRelatedSecuring Healthcare Networks Against Cyber Attacks Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesHealthcare Networks against Cyber-Attacks Abstract: In the current era of digitization, with all the data being converted from paper to electronic records, even the healthcare industry has become so dependent on technology. 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Supply Chain Management Free Essay Example, 1500 words

The production processes in Toyota are pulled on the basis of the customer demand (Toyota a, n.d. ). The concept of Jidoka also drives the supply chain and production system of Toyota that means continue improvement and automation by people. Work being divided into jobs, as defined in the mass productions system of Henry Ford, teams at Toyota constantly instills improvement in overall performance. The suppliers play an equal role in managing the flow of production at Toyota. Overall Toyota SCM is described in a building form that connects the elements as follows: (Black, 2008) Hence, tightly bonded players of the value chain ensure and make efforts to reduce the cost and improve efficiency in across the value chain (Toyota b, n.d. ). 3. SCOR ANALYSIS OF SCM OF TOYOTA SCOR model is an acronym for The Supply Chain Operations Reference. The model is a unique, and unified framework designed for the links across the elements of the supply chain including performance measurement metrics, processes and among defining of best practices, along with the people linked to the supply chain of business into a unified structure (Supply Chain Council, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The model is presented in the figure below: (Ren, et al. , 2012) Toyota is well known for the constant integration of efficiency measures in its supply chain. The SCOR analysis considers following aspects (Supply Chain Council, 2010): Performance Metrics: are determined to measure the performance of the process in terms of reliability, responsiveness, costs, agility, assets. Processes: The process aspect of the SCOR model takes into account the ability of the process to achieve a predetermined outcome. Process is broadly three level aspects; first, defining the scope of the overall supply chain; level two, defining strategies for different process, and third level takes into consideration the execution of strategies planned in level two. Practices: The practices perspective assess the leading or the emerging practices, best practices in the organization, common and the poor practices and their impact on the returns. People: SCOR people assesses the fit between the people and the process with respect to skills, experience, aptitudes, training and competency to meet the job task. The efficiency generation and integration across the supply chain model, involved technology, processes, and partners are supported with communication to enhance the effectiveness (Supply Chain Council, 2010). For instance, Toyota has recently re-placed human in place of robotic systems that provide higher accuracy in performance (Nisen, 2014).

Why College Is Important - 791 Words

After graduating high school one may ask oneself the question of whether or not to pursue the path of furthering your education. This will lead to other questions as to why it would be an advantage or choosing between an associate’s degree and bachelor’s degree. I for one am seeking a Psychology Bachelor’s Degree so it will open up opportunities for a successful career and a higher paying salary. Continuing to further my education is not only going to be a personal achievement but also a stepping stone in my path to get my master’s and doctorate degree. During the time that I attend my college courses it will help with my cognitive development and get a better understanding of my learning styles. Attending college is giving me the†¦show more content†¦The first inventory also showed that I am a visual learner and that pictures, diagrams, flow charts, time lines, films, and demonstrations help me grasp information better(Felder Soloman, n.d.). Learning Style Inventory by Penn State University corresponded with the first inventory and stated that I was a visual learner, and that I visualize concepts in my head (Penn State, 2010). The results from both the Felder Soloman and Penn State inventories were correct. I agree that I am a moderate active learner due to the fact that I like to discuss and apply the information I am learning; however I disagree because I rather work alone, being a reflective learner, versus working in a large group. As an active learner, during several of my college courses I have found it very difficult to pay attention during lectures and have found myself day dreaming through many of them. I also agree with the results stating that I am a visual learner versus a verbal learner. Ever since I can recall I have always find myself paying more attention and finding learning much easier and appealing when presented with a visual pictures. When pictures, diagrams, and timelines aren’t available I find myself making some type of visual representation with the information provided so I can provide my brain a visual aid in processingShow MoreRelatedWhy Is College Important For Coll ege?1521 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of college may be simply summed up as, unlocking more opportunities. When one reflects on their decision to enter college, this decision may have been highlighted by the potential to explore a subject in greater detail, more importantly a subject matter of your choice. While I approach the final semester of my college experience, I can reflect back and see that this was merely scratching the surface of the importance of college. 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Why would anyone want or need to spend so much time or more money than they could ever afford to receive a piece of paper saying they attended college for the last four years of there life and that they are somehow more important than the ones who didn’t? Why be in debt for countless years after graduation, having to spend a large portion of your valuable life paying off your loans and whatever the university in which you attended consumed fromRead MoreWhy College Is Important to Me704 Words   |  3 PagesSeptember 6, 2012 Many people find themselves questioning the importance of a college education. They ask themselves, â€Å"Why is College important to me?† One answer is extremely crucial in todays economy. In order to succeed and have little or no struggle financially, you must have a education that will end up being a career of your choice. Not just something that you have to settle for. My reasons for a why college is important to me are not only because of money but it has to do with me and my lifeRead MoreWhy Is College So Important?1312 Words   |  6 Pages Why is college so important? A few years ago, most people only obtained their high school diploma and would receive any job in the market, but colleges have become the twenty-first century key to success. Jobs are now being given to those who are more educated and college provides this extra education. It is not the same as high school. High school education consists of a more general knowledge, which is a small amount of information about all the topics, but college is focused on the major. CollegeRead MoreWhy is College Education Important?1243 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The debate on whether a college education is worth it may have begun when the colonists arrived from Europe and founded â€Å"New College† (later renamed Harvard University) in 1636 (College Education).† Whatever the case attaining a college education can be very beneficial to one throughout life. It can help one earn more money over a lifetime, and even can help someone live longer. Without colleg e, the education system as we know it would be forever changed. Having a college education is something thatRead MoreWhy College Education Is Important990 Words   |  4 PagesWhy College Education is Important to me College education means a chance at a better life. Nothing but positive elements can follow one when pursuing the dream of a college degree. Life can put obstacles in your way but if you stay determined then that determination can allow your dreams to become a reality. That determination is what drives me and what makes a college education so important to me. Vince Lombardi Jr. once stated, â€Å"The difference between a successful person and others is notRead MoreWhy College Is Important to Me930 Words   |  4 PagesAC0412071 Course number amp; title: EN110.6.1 Achieving Academic Excellence Assignment number amp; title: Writing Assessment: â€Å"Why college education is important to me† Introduction A college degree is important to me because is the phase subsequently to a successful and a brighter future when pursuing your dream vocation. I have determined to continue my college degree education to accomplish more financial stability, increasing my self-confidence level and self-fulfillment, higher income

DaVinci meets Essay Example For Students

DaVinci meets Essay Walking around the Science in Art exhibit, I was struck by one particular piece of art. Lynette Millers Madonna of the Double Helix caught my eye, not only for its remarkable use of materials, but for its stark resemblance to a far more well known artist, Leonardo DaVinci. The piece that I shall compare and contrast it to is DaVincis Vitruvian Man. Millers Madonna is of a far more modern era, first created in 2007. This modern American artist combined ink on Masonite, with portray a Madonna with her child and then superimposed outlines of DNA and mathematical drawings on top of it. The result is almost unconceivable. The second piece, DaVincis Vetruvian Man, is a drawing of the seemingly perfect man, done with a charcoal pencil on paper. This piece dates back to 1487, and also contains two superimposed images. Both of these pieces represent a blend of art and science as well as exploring the relationship and new meanings created by simultaneously viewing disparte imagery. They represent a time where art is not mixed with the undefined science and math. It really relates to a question of the beauty of humanity. The Madonna of the Double Helix is a portrayal of the idea that there is more to truth and reality than what can be detected with our senses. The Madonna is painted in a very Renaissance type manner, with her round idealistic features. However , the work as a whole is also very realistic as it poses the truths of science in direct relationship to the subjects of the painting. The nude child that the Madonna holds is superimposed in a different pose with measurements and mathematical equatiosn surrounding it. The style appears to be a blend of Renaissance and modern science or math. There is also symbolism in the art work, in the form of DNA strands. These strands are symbolic of the genetic makeup of human existence. The colors of the painting are very bright, unlike that of the Vitruvian man, which was done in pencil and thus is only one color. The colors do seem to detract from the meanings of the painting but also provide a good background to view the superimposed images.

Europe and Its Foreign Policy Essay Example

Europe and Its Foreign Policy Essay Mariaclara Ingrid Ludovici EU relations with the world Nowadays, the EU has adopted a foreign policy that has been modified and improved over time thanks to a series of treaties. It has been introduced to maintain EU values, interests, independence, and integrity of the Union. EU foreign and security policy has the aim of strengthening the Union’s security by keeping peace and promoting cooperation, democracy, the rule of law, and respect for human rights. It is connected with four main aspects: trade, foreign direct investment, development, and monetary policy. Other fundamental factors related to it are the increasing process of enlargement and cooperation, and international relations. Those elements have been introduced to built relations not only with countries close to the EU, but also with those far away. A great tool of European? Foreign Policy is also its system of justice and home affairs established to bring peace, and create economic interdependence among European countries. Between the main goals of the European Union, one of those could be to extend frameworks between all the partner states regardless of their diversity. Moreover, the EU has the purpose of improving relationships with other countries, such as Turkey, Russia and China with whom it has an ambivalent rapport. Therefore, this paper is going to explain and discuss the basics, tendencies, approaches and possible future roles of EU foreign policy. EU foreign and security policy has been created together with its growing economic and political policy. The first forms of regular meetings aimed at coordinating the European foreign policy arose during the 1970s between EU ministers of foreign affairs. We will write a custom essay sample on Europe and Its Foreign Policy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Europe and Its Foreign Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Europe and Its Foreign Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Later, due to an increasing threat of international terrorism and regional conflicts in Europe during the 1990s, EU leaders decided to create a formal method for diplomacy and intervention. As a result, in 1993 they established the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). It has been designed to allow Member States to coordinate and assert the EU’s identity, and to preserve values, interests, independence, international security and integrity of the Union. Furthermore, it has been created to consolidate international cooperation, develop the rule of law and democracy, and to promote respect for human rights. All of the EU’s major institutions are essential for EU foreign policy, and CFSP decision-making procedures are intergovernmental. The European Council is in charge for foreign policy, defining policy principles, activities, strategies, and general guidelines (A Guide for Americans, 26-27). In addition, in 1999, European leaders decided to establish a EU Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) considered as a part of the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy. It occurred because there was the need to improve and strengthen security and operations related to it, such as peacekeeping, monitoring, and conflict prevention. Under the ESDP structure, EU member states has been able to organize and send civilian and/or military operations in many countries, for example in Southeast Europe, the Middle East, Africa, South Asia, Georgia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (A Guide for Americans, 26-27). In order to reach a great success and expansion of the ESDP, in 2009, substantial innovations thanks to the Treaty of Lisbon were introduced: the ESDP became the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). The Treaty of Lisbon was organized to introduce the concept of solidarity and mutual assistance between all EU Member States if another Member State was attacked. In addition, other two measures were introduced within the Lisbon Treaty: â€Å"enhanced cooperation,† and â€Å"permanent structured cooperation† (A Guide for Americans, 26). The first one was addressed to deepen military cooperation of at least nine member states. The second one, controlled by the European Defense Agency, was aimed at providing a strong defense system, which every country could carry out. Eventually, the treaty updated targets of CSDP: humanitarian works, peacekeeping, stabilization, crisis management, assistance in other countries, disarmament operations, and antiterrorist actions (A Guide for Americans, 26). Another important tool of EU foreign policy is its external economic policies where its trade power is seen as a method for negotiations, promising benefits, assistance, and so on. It is a way to present conditions to other countries if they are willing to access the EU market (Hay and Menon, 403). In fact, European foreign policy has really strong forces that are connected with its global economic policies. It presents four main aspects: trade, foreign direct investment, development, and monetary policy. External economic relations are built especially for trade with other countries. Except for the agriculture regime that is pretty protectionist, the EU’s trade is moved by liberal system. Also the monetary policy became really important since the advent of euro. Nowadays, this currency encompasses 12 out of 27 EU’s member states (Hay and Menon, 391-395). The EU’s approach is also bound to the promotion of its values and models abroad. However, EU foreign policy is made stronger and more effective when there is unity among its member states (Bindi). Finally, another central role in EU foreign policy is played by the strategic partnership between the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in order to keep regional stability and peace. In particular, this cooperation has been planned for crisis management, anti-terrorism, nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and so on. An example showing the relationship between these two institutions can be descripted by the EU’s assumption on March 31, 2003, of NATO’s mission, called Operation Concordia, in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. There, EU Member States and other nations sent around 400 troops. That was the first time in which the EU led a military mission (A Guide for Americans, 26). However, in order to better understand and explain how Europe approaches foreign policies, it is appropriate to consider some diplomats’ thoughts exanimating international relations in the twenty-first century, such as Cooper with his liberal vision. He thinks that there are three types of states in the world, and the way in which they are classified depends on how they deal with each other. In the world there are countries without fully functioning states that are called â€Å"pre-modern,† nation states dealing with territorial sovereignty and national interest, known as â€Å"modern† states, and then countries whose foreign and domestic policy are deeply connected, governance means are shared, and the control of territory and of power is not the only method to keep security. This last kind of state is called â€Å"post-modern. Through this distinction, Cooper also confronts the United States and Europe’s different approaches. The U. S. is more hegemonic, and seeking for control, also military if necessary. Europe, instead, has a more defensive attitude, and more compatible with human rights and cosmopolitan values. These characteristics make America a â€Å"modern† entity, while Europe a â€Å"post -modern. † It is still not really clear the situation of the U. S. It sometimes acts as a â€Å"post-modern† entity as well, even though it owns really strong military forces, and it is not cared to use them (Cooper). In fact, Cooper says, â€Å"Americas aim, like everyone else, is to preserve its national security. Sometimes commentators refer, slightly incredulously, to Americas wish to be invulnerable† (Cooper, 45). However, post-modernism influences the nature of European foreign policy: its political and economic environment of interdependence and cooperation make Europe a post-modernist world. Its foreign policy is based on compromises and negotiations controlled by a multinational hegemony. Europe is ruled by international and regional law (Cooper). In contrast to the modern state system based on national political sovereignty, there is no longer the distinction between domestic and foreign affairs in post-modern countries. Everything is done for the good of all, not just for domestic interest. In contrast to America, which has adopted a realistic view in acting for its own national interest regardless of moral values, Europe is acting as a liberal force fostering democracy and free-market capitalism. In fact, another interesting point is the fact that Europe has become really strong in its democratization strategy. The EU has been able to promote human rights, democracy and integration in various countries, also in some formerly communist countries. The EU community has never had fear to share its sovereignty with different countries, or to be subjected to international institutions’ activities. On the other hand, even though in the US documents and in its ambitions human rights and democracy are two fundamental points, the US still remains reluctant in front of human rights treaties, such as that in favor of the International Criminal Court. US contemporary international relations are hindering American interests. The US has a realistic attitude, and it is the sole superpower in the world. This condition shows that every restriction of US’ sovereignty can have a negative effect on the country. For example, just the idea of an international court controlling American citizens could not be seen positively for US judicial process because the court could limit the US power (Hay and Menon, 418-419). The EU is â€Å"essentially post-modern and highly moralistic, values-based stance† (Hay and Menon, 419). Although the US could stand the introduction of international human rights system, these values could not be compatible anymore, especially talking about gun control, death penalty, abortion and the part of religion in public life (Hay and Menon, 419). The diversity between the liberal EU and the realist US is clarified by Kagan’s realist ideology also to better explain the EU foreign policy. According to him, Europe has its own method to deal with the others. That method is completely different from those of the other countries, such as the U. S. In fact, he affirms that â€Å"Americans are from Mars and Europeans are from Venus: they agree on little and understand one another less and less. † Europe is moving toward a world of laws, rules, transnational negotiation and cooperation. On the other hand, the United States continue exercising power depending on the possession and use of military forces. According to Kagan, the transatlantic division is deep. The United States and Europe work separately, especially in setting national priorities, determining threats, defining challenges and establishing foreign and defense policies (Kagan). The U. S. , less willing to work cooperatively, is less patient with diplomacy than Europe. The U. S. easily introduces punitive sanctions, and favors policies of coercion and punitive sanctions. Europeans, on the contrary, have more nuance and sophistication. They are more tolerant of failure and prefer peaceful solutions, negotiation, and diplomacy. â€Å"They often emphasize process over result, believing that ultimately process can become substance† (Kagan). However, there is a scholar called Wendt who has another ideology. He thinks that foreign policies depend on the concepts of interest and identity. According to him, governments should treat these elements as dependent variables, because states’ identity and interests are easily affected by anarchy. Wendt critiques realist and liberalist viewpoints by saying that â€Å"they change behavior but not identities and interest† (Wendt, 392). Realism is only concentrated on power of the state. Moreover, they think â€Å"states are the dominant actors in the system, and define security in self-interested terms† (Wendt, 392). Liberalism, in stead, is only the expression of collective good focusing on process, but this is not sufficient. These two ways of thinking are unable to make a state functional. According to Wendt who has a constructivist approach, constructivism is the fundamental way to study how the system affects state identities and interests. If governments know how this system works, they can â€Å"construct,† change, and improve people’s minds. So, America and Europe should adopt this ideology instead of approaching in a realistic or a liberal way in foreign policy. Wendt argues that, if ideas change all times, international institutions can also change state identities and interests. It is a great method to make a state effective and functional, because it is connected with the concept of self-help. The concept is based on interactions between states, and, according to Wendt, it can be improved by norms-based constructivism, the only ideology that can account for changes in the system (Wendt). EU tools are not just those related to the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), but also the EU’s past successful enlargements and relations with the neighborhood. With the passing of time, the EU has obtained more popularity, in particular for its promise of democratic incentives and change in the region (Bindi). In fact, democracy is one of the three primary themes of the EU foreign policy. The other two are rule of law and respect for human rights. Cooperation between states is not systematic, and, if a state wants to join the EU, it should handle a deep and radical change in its government’s foundation. Another tool of European? Foreign Policy can its system of justice and home affairs. The EU was established to bring peace, and create economic interdependence among European countries. For this reason, military cooperation was not really considered given that NATO and the United States were in charge for providing military defense in Western European countries. However, the EU made some changes. With the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP), and then, the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), Europe integrated the innovative element of the EU’s military capability. The ESDP/CSDP represents a significant transformation: â€Å"In 1999 the European Council of Cologne decided to provide the EU with the capacity for autonomous military action, backed by military forces, as well as the means to decide to use them in responding to international crises† (Bindi, 73). However, it was with the establishment of the Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice (AFSJ) that there was the first attempt of the EU to pass from a more â€Å"civilian power approach† to a â€Å"multidimensional power,† more capable of managing actual threats. The AFSJ, in fact, is a â€Å"security strategy based on the project of developing regional stability abroad, and the issues covered by the AFSJ are respect for human rights, respect for the rule of law, guarantees of personal freedom, the right of defense, and freedom of movement† (Bindi, 77). Moreover, an interesting key point of EU is the relationship with its neighbor countries. The European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) has been an interesting change for the EU by creating stability across its borders beyond the member states. European foreign policy has been able to extend frameworks between all the partner states regardless of their diversity. However, European Union’s outcomes and dealing skills with its eastern and southern neighbors could be capable of determining the success or failure of the ENP (Bindi). Nevertheless, not all relations have been easy to establish for the EU. For example, the relation between the EU and Russia is made by an alternation of attraction and rejection. The eurozone crisis is having a negative impact in the EU neighborhood, especially in Russia. Furthermore, EU member states adopted different positions on Russia, and this is not bringing unity in the EU’s foreign policy. Because Russia has a great geopolitical importance, EU has the aim of improving its relations with this country. This situation could have important consequences for international relations. (Bindi). In the past few years, other developments occurred in the relations between the EU and other two countries: Ukraine and Belarus. Under the presidency of Viktor Yanukovich, Ukraine is becoming to be less western-oriented. On the other hand, the EU has isolated Belarus with sanctions imposed some year ago. The only way to improve the relation with these countries could be: engaging of Russia and making this country less aggressive. The European Union could â€Å"try to create regional conditions for a win-win situation and to avoid any initiative that insults Moscow’s sensibilities† (Bindi, 145). The Western Balkans is another important region in which the European Commission, the EU Council, and individual member states play a fundamental role. Because in the Lisbon Treaty it has not been established the way in which to deal with these countries, the EU’s policy in Western Balkans is a mixture of enlargement, and common foreign and security policy. However, the future enlargement of the EU will probably concern those countries, but this will occur only by strengthening membership negotiations in the Western Balkans and with Turkey (Bindi). In fact, the membership of Turkey is one of the main goals of the EU with whom Turkey still continues to be ambivalent in negotiating (Bindi). The European Neighborhood Policy (ENP), however, refers to Mediterranean non-member states as well. For example, the EU should be careful to Arab countries due to the rise of China and India. The Arab region could become more dependent on the Mediterranean region in order to import its products. Therefore, the EU should always be tolerant and compromising with this region, such as in protectionism in agriculture or limited mobility. This attitude would be really advantageous for the EU that could attain beneficial relations with its neighbor states (Bindi). Also the relation with the Middle East should not be underestimated, and the European member states should enhance their presence in the region. So far, the EU has not really had positive interactions with the Middle East. The EU was concerned not about Middle East foreign policy, but about instability or illegal immigration (Bindi). Regarding the relations between the EU and the other continents, it can be said that the Lisbon Treaty has been relevant for transatlantic relations. However, the EU’s and the U. S. ’s really complicated institutional structure and arrangements in decision-making have not been resolved with this Treaty. The Lisbon Treaty, in fact, changed the â€Å"domestic politics,† namely those politics referring to cooperation and antiterrorism efforts. So, it did not resolve the fact that transatlantic relations did not develop at the same level with those changes in the EU. Because of from both sides lack the effort to keep and enhance these relations, the two regions could drift apart (Bindi). Nowadays, the relationship between The U. S. and the EU is based on tropes and lead lines. The way in which these two entities handle the issue between Palestine and Israel could be a good example to show their diversity. USA is working with Israel and considers Palestine untreatable. On the other hand, Europe is treating those countries more equally. On the contrary, Canada is relatively more interested in developing trade and cooperation with the EU, although recent trade relations have been deteriorated due to some problems with the EU’s common agricultural policy (CAP). Europe should pay attention to this situation to avoid that Canada shifts its attention toward other parts of the world, like East Asia (Bindi). The EU’s relations with Latin America and the Caribbean increased soon after Spain and Portugal joined the EU, and it is principally a trade relationship. The relationship is very beneficial especially because of the Hispanic banks. In addition, the EU is not only a model for integration, but also one of the biggest donors in this area (Bindi). With regard to the relationship between the EU and Africa, this latter has always played an important role in European foreign relations since the Treaty of Rome. Three major agreements between the EU and Africa have been introduced: the Yaounde Convention, the Lome Convention, and the Cotonou Agreement. The EU is hyperactive in Africa, in particular for European interests, such as for security and migration issues, but also for better aid in the African countries and improvement of trade deals (Bindi). The EU’s relation with East Asia is increasing in trade, investment, development, market access, and other aspects of foreign policy. Nevertheless, the EU is not really seen as a united community. The euro crisis, for example, is undermining the idea of a possible adoption of the EU model in East Asia (Bindi). For example, China’s relationship with the EU became really strong, in particular between 2003 and 2005. However, for a shift in the EU’s strategy toward China, and the euro crisis causing Europe’s industrial decline, Europe started to consider China more as a competitor and a threat for European development and production. Another negative factor for China-EU relations was the election of more assertive politicians in Europe who made some European countries, such as France and Germany, pretty aggressive toward China. In addition, because of the lack of unity in Europe, China is forced to deal with each European country individually, and reaching agreements became more difficult and slower (Zhiqin). Finally, while the United States is strengthening its presence at military bases in South Korea, Japan, and the Philippines, Europe is losing its influence there, because the EU is not integrated in the territory (Zhiqin). The U. S. is always present in East Asia. In fact, Caira writes, â€Å"China has become more aware of the weight of transatlantic relations, of the connections between the China-EU relationship and the EU-U. S. relationship. It has become aware that the relationship is in fact triangular† (Bindi, 268). As a consequence, the future role of Europe in world affair may be related to making stronger relations with other countries, not only with the neighbors, but also with the others more far away. For example, the EU could think to improve the Sino-European relations. The best solution to do this is trying to better understand each other’s ideals, interests, and culture. This could lead to a great approach and cooperation (Zhiqin). Its external economic policies could be a powerful aspect for negotiations, promising benefits, assistance, and so on. It could be a way to set conditions to other countries if they are willing to access the EU market. Moreover, because there is a bipolar currency dividing the world in US dollars and EU euros, there could also be stronger competitiveness and pressure between the two currencies. It is crucial to manage these conditions in order to avoid instability in the international financial system. The monetary policy also affects the process of enlargement, in particular about the costs of enlargement for those countries being willing to, or waiting for being members of the EU (Hay and Menon, 285-289). Democracy promotion is at the center of both U. S. and EU strategies in their foreign policies. Democracy could be a fundamental instrument for achieving their primary foreign policy goals, such as security, economic prosperity and peace (Bindi, 303). So far, for six decades, the European Union obtained Nobel Peace Prize for peace in Europe. The EU has been able to transform Europe from a continent of war to a continent of peace† (Nobel Peace Prize Awarded to European Union). Because of recession, financial problems, and social unrest in many member states, the EU faced the biggest crisis of its history. However, the EU has been capable of maintaining the principle of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights (Nobel Peace Prize Awarded to European Union). The way, in which all these forces will affect the future outlook for European foreign policy-making, could also depend on the process of enlargement. It could be a possible tool to spread European influence not only close to its boundaries, but also throughout the world. The benefits of becoming a member of the EU would be so appealing and astonishing that even more countries would join the European Union. This situation could be a great inducement for political and economic reforms in states wishing to satisfy the EUs accession criteria. Finally, another important EU force for the future could be its approach with human rights. The EU is patient with diplomacy and willing to work cooperatively instead of favoring policies of coercion and punitive sanctions. For the fact that Europeans have more nuance and sophistication, in the future they would always opt for peaceful solutions, negotiation, and diplomacy. In conclusion, member states have reached great accomplishments over time in EU foreign policy. Anyhow, it can be made stronger and more effective if there is unity among its member states. It promotes humanitarian works, peacekeeping, stabilization, crisis management, assistance in other countries, disarmament operations, and antiterrorist actions. The EU’s approach also consists in promoting its values and models abroad by creating relationships throughout the globe. In he future, in fact, a further process of enlargement and competitiveness between EU member states and the other countries could affect the European Union’s foreign policy. Peaceful solutions, negotiation, and diplomacy will be the key of its power. Works cited: * A Guide For Americans: The European Union. Delegation of the European Commission to the U nited States. Mar. 2011. 26-35. Print. * Nobel Peace Prize Awarded to European Union. BBC News. BBC, 10 Dec. 2012. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. * Bindi, F. M. The foreign policy of the European Union, assessing Europes role in the world. Washington, D. C. : Brookings Inst Pr, 2010. 1-348. Print. * Cooper, Robert. The Breaking of Nations: Order and Chaos in the Twenty-First Century . Grove/Atlantic , 2004. 1-55. Web. * Hay, Colin, and, Menon, Anand. European politics. Oxford University Press, USA, 2007. 274-290 and 386-424. Print. * Kagan, Robert. Power and Weakness. Power and Weakness | Hoover Institution. Hoover Institution, 1 June 2002. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. * Wendt, Alexander. Anarchy Is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics. Ic. ucsc. edu. Spring 1992. p. 391-425. Web. * Zhiqin, Shi. Understanding China-EU Relations. Carnegieeurope. eu. Carnegieeurope, 15 Oct. 2012. Web. 21 Oct. 2012.

Negotiation Report Essays

Negotiation Report Essays Negotiation Report Paper Negotiation Report Paper Introduction Korea has been in a state of chaos for some time. They have survived many times of turmoil, such as the Korean War in 1950 that lasted until 1953. The ending of this war did not settle the civil dispute. There are many contradicting areas in Korea that effect business, for example, communist vs. anti communist, religious and non religious, idealist and collectivist, and those that are willing to work each other. Also Korea has a fear of doing business with Japan. Japans market is considerable larger than their and they worry that if business is done with Japan they would be overshadowed. This lack of interest to do business with Japan is also due to historical influences in Korea’s past Negotiation is a crucial aspect of all interorganizational relationships. No matter if it is a strategic alliance, joint venture, merger, acquisition, or just a sale of a product and a service, negotiation is a part that one cannot due without. As the section of international to domestic trade increases, so does the occurrence of business negotiations among people from different countries and cultures. Negotiation is a process in which at least one individual tries to persuade another individual to change his or her ideas or behaviors. And our groups focus is an investigation into negotiating orientations and behaviors of South Korea in comparison to that of the US. Basic Concept of Negotiation Process Distributive versus Integrative In the twelve dimensions of cross-cultural negotiations, we first start off by looking at the general model, in which consists of two components. The first component which is the basic concept of the negotiation process includes two aspects, distributive and integrative. In the distributive perspective, negotiators â€Å"believe that there will be one winner and one loser,† and in order to do so, the negotiator needs to establish a kind of dominance in the negotiation process. Negotiators with these characteristics display a strong sense of individual concerns, and they have little interest or concern for others. Negotiators with an integrative perspective on the other hand believe that â€Å"mutually beneficial solutions can be generated. Integrative negotiators tend to take a problem solving approach in order to better exchange information, where they can focus on the different interests of both parties to find a common ground, and effective solution. South Koreans lie on the high end of the integrative perspective. They share their information about their own interests, but also seek to obtain information about the other party’s interests. During a negotiation, both party’s react to each other’s arguments until both negotiators reach an agreement. Most Significant Type of Issue Task-Based versus Relationship-Based Contacts and personal relationships are very important, since South Koreans tend be suspicious of people whom they do not know or those with whom they do not have mutual contact. Koreans want to do business with people whom they have formed a personal connection with or whereby a mutual mediator, friend or acquaintance has made an introduction. Drinking is often the introduction to any business negotiation done in South Korea. Some South Korean businesspeople often believe that they will get to know a business partner far better after having a few drinks. They also use drinking locations to resolve a sensitive problem or to close a difficult business deal. In order to establish a more personal relationship, South Koreans may ask extremely personal questions regarding their counterpart’s age, salary, education, religion, and family life. If individuals feel uncomfortable and don’t want to answer, the appropriate course of action would be to remain polite but try to gracefully sidestep the questions asked. In most cases, South Koreans make these inquires because they think that they can establish a relationship by finding common denominators. These questions may also be asked in order to determine their counterpart’s status, which means everything in the South Korean culture. For the age/status conscious Koreans, it is important to guess and know the approximate age or relative status of their counterparts. When a negotiation in South Korea finally takes place, personal relationships usually take priority over business. Often, the first meeting is used in getting to know their counterpart and to establish a bond. When served a cup of tea or a cup of coffee at the beginning of the meeting, these are usually accepted as an offering of hospitality even though the individual may have had several cups already. They aren’t required to drink it all, but drinking some would show a sign of respect. In South Korea, an individual should always keep a formal appearance as long as their counterpart does, and should refrain from appearing overly friendly. Giving gifts to acquire favors or to build relationships is also a common practice in a business setting in South Korea. Good gifts for a first trip may include office items with the representing company’s logo or something that is commemorative of their home region, but shouldn’t be items made in undeveloped countries, unless they are cultural icons or souvenirs. It is also very common to be invited out after business hours to a restaurant or bar where there will be a lot of alcohol served. If a person doesn’t enjoy drinking, they can gently ask their host where and to what kind of place they are going. They can choose not to join them by giving valid reasons. For South Koreans, informal outings are an important part of establishing and judging the character of the other person. Also, a person should be aware that comments and promises made on these occasions can be taken seriously afterwards. A respectful, lasting connection is the basis for a successful business relationship in South Korea. To solidify this rapport, it is important that a person remains sincere and honest in their business dealings. Keeping in touch after the meeting is also very important. Selection of Negotiators Abilities versus Status In South Korea, the status of the individual is more important than their abilities. For example, when entering a group meeting, the senior member of the party should enter the room first, then the next highest ranking person, and so on. Moreover, the South Koreans will be seated according to their rank and guests must seat appropriately with their counterparts. Another aspect of their status culture involves gifts. When gifts are given to several people within a South Korean organization, a gift of greater value must be given to the senior representative. The gifts given to that person’s subordinates may be similar, as long as they are of lesser value than the one given to their superior. An alternative measure may be giving a gift that the whole team can enjoy. Since people are judged according to their status in South Korea, their status should be emphasized on a business card. This gives the recipient an idea of that individual’s job responsibility and assists him or her in determining the amount of decision-making authority they have. Most importantly, knowing an individual’s status assists a person’s contact in matching with a person who is of a similar rank. When selecting a negotiation team, an effort should be made to find out who will be the participants in the South Korean delegation. Then, it must be ensured that the people chosen to represent a country match the rank of the South Korean members. A mismatch may prove to be embarrassing to both sides. Sending a senior representative can be perceived as a sign of serious interest and commitment. In South Korea, presidents, supervisors and managers tend to have more power over their subordinates than they might have in a similar Western organization. It is so embedded, that it very difficult for a Korean to criticize or go against what his or her senior thinks or wants. Consequently, subordinates have little choice, but to follow their seniors’ instructions. Furthermore, depending on the corporate culture, some may have more egalitarian relationships. Presidents, especially those in larger organizations, typically assign responsibility. When introduced to people occupying high positions in South Korea, they will sometimes know little about the particular project, and will refer an individual to the appropriate person. Presidents and supervisors will often trust dependable subordinates, so it is important not to offend or ignore the lower ranks. Individual’s Aspirations Individual versus Community South Korea is a collectivist culture, so the group, rather than the individual, succeeds. Loyalty to family and friends is very important. There is strong feeling of interdependency among the members of the group. South Koreans tend to think in â€Å"group terms† rather than â€Å"individual terms† for two reasons: Confucianism and patriotism. Therefore, it may be helpful to argue for group benefits in order to close a deal. South Korean negotiators tend to incorporate structures and the concept of family into their negotiating style. That is, in the traditional family, the father is the unquestioned authority with almost absolute power. The father bears the full responsibility for the welfare and future of the family. Similarly, South Korean negotiators employ a strong authoritarian style in order to obtain the greatest benefit for their community, while still seeking the advice of other group members. South Korea still observes the Confucian ethics based on a strong belonging to the group. You could say that they often think in group terms. In other words, what is in the best interest of the group or how can harmony within the group be maintained. Hence, the majority of South Koreans are intensely patriotic, calling South Korea by the term, â€Å"oo-ri-na-ra,† meaning our country. Therefore, with that in mind, the benefits to the group, whether it is to the company or country, should be persuasively put forth in order to close a business deal. Internal Decision-Making Process Independent versus Consensus In South Korea, decisions are made with the consensus of the group, with deference given to the oldest or senior member. The senior member takes the initiative in making the decision, but they consult extensively with the other group members. What is more impressive is that the decisions are based more on emotion and concern for the harmony of the group rather than just cold bottom-line calculations. Since a consensus is important, there are usually lengthy discussions before decisions are made. As result, South Korean business negotiations will usually take longer when compared to Western cultures, so patience will be necessary. Orientation Toward Time Monochronic versus Polychronic After taking a look at the role of the individual, we now need to look at interaction dispositions during a negotiation. The three components in this section, orientation toward time, risk-taking propensity, and basis of trust all contribute to the dispositions of interaction during a negotiation. In the orientation toward time component two aspects stand out for comparison, monochronic and polychronic. Since the orientation toward time dimension refers to the value each party places on time, in monochronic cultures people pay attention to and handle tasks one at a time. And in polychronic cultures people also do schedule appointments but they will â€Å"complete a task or conclude a meeting even if it is necessary to go beyond time originally set aside for that particular task. † South Korean negotiators come from more of a polychronic culture. They place greater emphasis on personal interaction than on keeping to a schedule. They probably feel that time is never wasted, because taking time to know their counterparts and building a relationship is an important task. Risk-Taking Propensity Risk Averse versus Risk Tolerant The second component in the dispositions of interaction is risk-taking propensity. This refers to negotiators’ willingness to take risks. In this component there are two dimensions as well, risk-averse and risk tolerant. Risk-averse negotiators will take steps to avoid the risk of failing to come to an agreement, and risk tolerant negotiators adopt a perspective that there is a level of acceptable risk that should be taken in a negotiation. Risk tolerant negotiators show greater willingness to run the risk of failing to come to an agreement by making fewer concessions or by demanding more. South Korean negotiators tend to be on the risk-averse side, because they may be more likely to make concessions in order to avoid the risk of failing to come to an agreement. They may also â€Å"accept lower rewards for a higher probability of success. † Basis of Trust External to the Parties versus Internal to the Relationship The last component in the dispositions of interaction is the basis of trust. Trust is â€Å"one party’s belief that the other party will take action to honor agreements that have been reached. † In this case there are two aspects of this trust, one external to the parties, and the other is internal to the relationship. In the external to the parties situation, negotiators trust the other party because a contract has been negotiated and agreed to, which can be litigated and enforced. And in the internal to the relationship situation, negotiators trust the other party because they have invested in a relationship that has been built up over time and they believe that the other party is committed to it. The South Korean negotiators lie on the high end of the internal to the relationship aspect, because like most other Asian countries, relationships between parties are what matters the most. Negotiators expect that the other party will consider unique and changing written circumstances over the life of the relationship, and they think that a trust worthy partner is one who strives to maintain the relationship possible by modifying an existing contact to reflect new developments. Concern with Protocol Informal vs. Formal The process of negotiating with another culture is one of the most important factors in a successful transaction. If there is not enough research, and a company decides to enter a venture blindfolded it could be disastrous. There are roughly five steps involved in the negotiating process, preparation, relationship building, exchanging task-related information, persuasion, and finally an agreement. These are not necessarily a set order and they are often intertwined with one another. Also involved in these segments are concerns with protocol, style of communication, nature of persuasion, and the type of agreement. Over the course of the next few pages the negotiation process will be discussed in-depth about dealing with South Korean affiliates. South Koreans are informal dealing with business situations and concentrate on relationship building. They prefer to develop a relationship with their business associates. They also expect to continue the relationship after negotiation is finished. This also means that it may take more time to actually begin business. Dinner, lunch, tea, alcoholic beverages and night life, such as Karaoke, are possible social events that could be used as means of getting to know your business affiliate or for further negotiation. Korean men often compete with drinking; it is not uncommon for a friend to be holding up another friend due to intoxication. It is also an insult if someone buys a drink and it is not accepted. This socializing creates trust in a new business partner and although informal, it allows for a smoother negotiation process. After a few socializing events, business meetings are still informal. When the meeting begins tea is served and then after small talk, negotiation commences. Then through out the meeting smoke breaks may occur regularly, since a majority of the people in South Korea smoke. According to Executive Planet. com, â€Å"Let’s make a deal-Part 1†, â€Å"During negotiations, some Koreans will jump from one topic to another, rather than following the agenda. Similar questions may be asked on numerous occasions by different negotiators†. This is how South Koreans gather their information. They are informal, and do not have a linear time frame. They like for a question to be answer immediately after it has entered their head. They are not concerned with getting off track or continuing a meeting to another date. South Koreans are also occasionally late for appointments. This is not uncommon in there culture. It is understood that traffic or a personal inconvenience has developed and they will be at the appointment shortly. Style of Communication Low-Context vs. High Context Communication is not simply relaying an idea. In South Korea people are higher context than Americans. High context means that, â€Å"feelings and thoughts are not explicitly expressed; instead, one has to read between the lines and interpret meaning from one’s general understanding† (Managing across boarder, p. 137). Communication has many different faces, such as verbal and nonverbal. In South Korea the nonverbal plays a much higher role in communication than does the verbal information on its own. Nonverbal consist of kenesic behavior, proxemics, paralanguage and object language. A list of nonverbal communication is listed below (Managing across borders, p. 136) ?Facial expressions ?Body posture ?Gestures with hands, arms, head, ect. ? Interpersonal distance ? Touching, body contact ? Eye contact ? Clothing, cosmetics, hairstyle, jewelry ?Paralanguage (voice pitch and inflections, rate of speech, and silence ? Color symbolism ?Attitude toward time and the use of time in business and social interactions ? Food symbolism and social use of meals Kenesic behavior is a person’s body language, which include the first half of the list above, except for interpersonal distance. A hand shake is an example of kenesic behavior. In South Korea it is a custom to shake with your right hand and support your forearm of your right hand with your left. However the handshake should be week, a strong handshake would seem aggressive. Other forms of kenesic behavior of South Koreans are, passing food with both hands to an elder out of respect, not crossing your legs in front of an authority figure, and keeping the soles of your shoes faced downward. This form of communication plays a large role in negotiating with this culture. Everyone needs to feel respected. Interpersonal distance is a form of proxemics. It is how much space we put between ourselves and another person, and how we space out our environments. South Koreans are a low contact culture; they would rather have more space between themselves and another. According to the Executive planet. com South Koreans do not have offices. It is an open atmosphere and instead of knocking on a door to announce your arrival, a cough, or clearing your thought is used to make the other person aware you need their attention. Paralanguage is interpreting how something is said, the speed, tone, and mood of the person saying. Take for instance someone telling you a simple no. Saying it quickly and laughing can be taken unserious. However pausing, and then saying it slowly could be interpreted as uncertainty. According to the Executive Planet . com, â€Å"Sucking in air through your teeth is one way to signal a definite answer of ‘no’† or â€Å"A lukewarm response such as ‘maybe’ accompanied by squinting of eyes or tipping the head back may also be used to express a ‘no’ answer†. (Executive Planet. com, Let’s make a deal-part 3). Lastly Object language is the type of clothing you were, colors and possibly how your business card is designed. Color can be very symbolic and mean many different things; white for example is generally interpreted as pure, and serene. Red on the other hand can mean, anger, or sensuality. Nature of Persuasion Factual-Inductive vs. Affective The type of persuasion used is an element in the negotiation process that needs to be understood thoroughly. This is also a mixture of communication, and protocol. It is important that a solid relationship has been established and trust in your associate has been created. With out this negotiation will be difficult. It is where the most planning needs to be made. South Korea is an affective society, meaning they make decisions emotionally, not deductively. This could mean emotional outburst, or frustrated non-verbal communication. They think collectively as apposed to individually. According to The guide to cross-cultural success, Doing Business Internationally, Inhwa, â€Å"is a key factor influencing South Korean business behavior, Inhwa stresses harmony by linking people of unequal rank, prestige and power through reciprocal and mutually beneficial system of loyalty. †(The guide to cross-cultural success, Doing Business Internationally, p. 269). So persuasion not only needs to push concern for the company, but push concern for Koreans as a family. Other forms of persuasion are gift giving. This is appropriate as long as economic consideration is not overlooked. If an expensive gift is given to someone of lesser economic status, that person would not be able to reciprocate the same value of that gift. This would cause that person to lose face. According to Executive Planet. com, â€Å"Saving face, is an important concept to understand. In South Korean business culture, a person’s reputation and social standing rests on this concept†. Executive Planet. com, Let’s make a deal –part 2). This is the same concept of pride in the United States. Form of Agreement Explicit Contract vs. Implicit Agreement South Koreans make implicit agreements. Even if a contract has been signed this does not mean that negotiation is over. This is often a sign that they are willing to further negotiate. According to a book called, Learning to think Korean, signing a contract, â€Å"usually takes the form of trying to get you to ease up on conditions to which only their reluctant consent was given before signing. It does no good to remind him that he has already agreed to that condition and signed his name to it†. (Learning to think Korean, p. 159) The process of coming to an agreement intertwines all of what we have talked about, communication, relationships, protocol, planning, and persuasion. Overall it takes lots of time and patience to come to a finalized agreement. Recommendations for an American Manager Negotiating effectively cross-culturally is one of the single most important global business skills. Global negotiations contain all of the complexity of domestic negotiations, with the added dimensions of cultural diversity. There are some drastic differences between American and Korean negotiation orientations and behaviors. And after seeing the twelve dimensions of cross cultural negotiations on South Korean, some recommendations should be made to an American negotiator who would have to consider before going into a negotiation. Although South Koreans are informal with protocol be sure not to insult them by being too informal or formal. When you are out socializing do not decline a drink, be it tea, coffee, or an alcoholic beverage. This would be taken as an insult. It is appropriate to continues drinking until the senior or highest ranked person has decided they are finished. If you do not drink alcoholic beverages, explain this, but still participate in the socializing. If you are a woman in the South Korean culture it is inappropriate to drink heavily. In addition even though it is expectable for a Korean to be a little late it is not for a guest, make sure to schedule ample time to get where you are going. Always be aware of your non verbal language. In the United States we cross our legs, have strong handshakes, and blow our noses where ever we are. All of these are insults in the Korean culture. Americans can sometimes seem very direct and almost cold toned. Be aware of this, it will only cause negativity amongst your Korean associates. Remain patient, South Koreans like to take there time. They have a completely different thinking process. Americans think about the end result. South Koreans dissect every aspect of a situation individually before thinking about the end result. By showing frustration, it will cause an adverse affect. It will only create more issues to discuss further and analyze. In dealing with Asian negotiators, knowledge of cultural differences is very important. Although they said that â€Å"knowledge of the Korean culture and language is imperative to success† (â€Å"Business†). For example, the attitudes towards law and sanctity of the contract are different between Westerners and Koreans. In the Western view, contract â€Å"sets out duties and responsibilities for each side and is supposedly sacrosanct† (â€Å"Business†). Although in Korea view, the contract is considered â€Å"an organic document which can change as conditions evolve† (â€Å"Business†). So American negotiators should have this concept already in mind before going into a negotiation with Korean negotiators. Another example of culture differences is in the use of â€Å"expensive gifts and lavish entertainment† as a part of business practice in South Korea. When American negotiators first arrive in Korea, the Korean counterparts might invite them to dinners; take them to a night out, etc. But what American negotiators should take in mind is that this is not a kind of bribery, but rather just how South Koreans do business and build relationships. Work Cited Business Social Etiquette, 24-Apr-2003 21:36, 29-Apr-2004, craxycolour. com/os/southkorea_02. shtml Cultural Business Considerations for South Korea, Michigan District Export Council, 29-Apr-2004, exportmichigan. com/korea_cultural_business_considerations. htm Dersky, Helen. International Management, Managing across Borders and Cultures, Pearson Education Inc. , Upper Saddle River New Jersey, 1994 Doing Business in South Korea (with description), Asia travelinfo. com. 19-July-2001 29-Apr-2004, asiatravelingo. om/south%20korea/doingbusiness. asp Kohls, Robert L. Learning to think Korean, â€Å"A Guide to living and Working in Korea†. Intercultural Press. Yarmouth, ME. 2001 Metcalf, Lynn Bird, Allen. Cultural Influences on Negotiation Behaviors: Resurrecting and Revitalizing an Overlooked Framework. Lynn Metcalf Allen Bird, 2003 South Korean Business Culture, Executive Planet. com, 29-Apr-204 executiveplanet. com/business-culture-in/132166436472. html Walker, W alker, Schmitz, The Guide to cross-cultural success, Doing business Internationally.

Agreements on Trade Barriers Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Agreements on Trade Barriers - Coursework Example The most common way of limiting the number of imports into a country is to increase the taxes levied on imports. These taxes are increased by the government with the aim to ensure that the demand for local goods is promoted and the demand for international goods is decreased. When taxes on imports are increased, the cost of imported goods increases thus the domestic consumers find the locally produced goods cheaper which in turn aids local producers. One example of tariffs is the Tariff Act of 1930, this act was put into action to decrease imports and increase consumption of locally produced goods and services as the US was experiencing the Great Depression during that time (ILIAS, 2008, p.2). Tariffs are even levied on exports to limit the outflow of resources as well as locally produced goods, but these tariffs have mostly hurt local businesses due to which they are quite rarely applied. Another policy that has been put into a position to reduce the imports of goods and services is restricting the number of particular goods and services being imported. When the number of goods being imported into a country is restricted, the imported good becomes short and the prices of these goods increase locally due to which domestic consumers see locally produced items as a favorable option. For example: during the era f 2010, Mexico restricted the amount of sugar being imported into the country to two hundred and fifty tons (SCHMITZ, 2005, p.212).The above-stated trade barriers are direct trade barriers levied by a country on imports and exports of goods and services. Countries even use indirect means to restrict the import of international goods and services. These restrictions are levied in face of standards of goods and services being imported by a country. For example, the US has restricted imports of those goods and services in which child labor is involved. Due to this, those countries that use child labor to produce goods and services can not export their goods an d services to the US. The first world countries have a practice of dumping their old products or used products in third world countries at cheaper prices, due to which the locals of third world countries find these goods more favorable and they heavily import used products. The governments of third world countries have applied restrictions in form of quotas and tariffs to reduce the import of such goods and services to save their local businesses. Governments provide a subsidy to local producers of those goods and services that are being heavily imported. This is done to decrease the cost of locally produced goods and services to make local goods and services much favorable than imported ones.

Exam Topics (Operations Management) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Exam Topics (Operations Management) - Essay Example Operations is one of the most important and primary functions in any sort of firm or business. "While marketing induces the demands for products and finance provides the capital, operations produces and delivers the product (goods and services)." (Hall, Johnson, & Pyke, 2005). By discussing these five questions, we can come to a clearer and more knowledgeable viewpoint on the subject matter. The aim of this paper is to discuss all of this, while also examining the other key elements which fit within this profile of subject matter. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Inefficiency drains valuable components such as money, time, quality, and talent. There is no chance in optimizing or making more positive any of the steps involved in the process if the process itself is deemed as inefficient. "Incidentally, process optimization is a continuous phenomena. It is not like you can do it once and forget about it. External conditions keep changing, other dependant processes keep changing, and so on." ("TopSigma", 2005). The nature of inefficient processes management is to make sure that these valuable components (money, time, etc.) are not wasted, but rather are used to the fullest extent possible; the ideal is to have all members working at their absolute top strength, which creates a cycle of efficiency, which in the end creates a positive result. What is the Role of Operations Management The role of 'operations' varies from business to business, but the basics always remain: the operations management looks at every process in the business, breaks it down, analyzes it, and makes it better. Their goal is to have overall customer satisfaction, and to continue the business in a positive, efficient, and effective way. "Operations management revolves around the design, organization, leadership and control of the productive assets of the enterprise, including people and technology." (Merrett, n.d.). Regardless of the size or type of business, there are always processes and operations issues that must be dealt with. Operations managers find the inefficiencies or problems in the work flow of the business, and re-engineer these processes in order for them to be more efficient and profitable for the company. Operations management involves all of the tools and processes of the business, including components such as: the supply chain, product quality, manufacturing, sales and marketing, safety and health, and environmental concerns. "Operations managers use tools like performance measurement, flowcharts, best practices information, and benchmarking to determine where the problems are and the best methods to correct them." (Obringer, 2006). Some of the processes that are linked to the operations ma